Business economic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business economic - Essay Example Thus, a double-dip recession occurs when the GDP rises to positive levels (the recovery period) followed by negative levels (another recession) (Quiggin, 2010). It is often referred to as the â€Å"W-shaped† recession (Quiggin, 2010). One of the most prominent double-dip recessions took place in the 1980’s in the United States (Appendix 1) (Quiggin, 2010). Two recessions occurred in the 1980’s in the United States. Initially, the economy shrunk by 8%, then grew at 8% after which the economy dipped into the second recession due to the Federal Reserve’s policy to raise interest rates to curb inflation (Quiggin, 2010). Following that, the economy re-entered into growth for the rest of the years (Quiggin, 2010). Although, there are no definite characteristics that define a recession, there are a few symptoms that are generally agreed by economists. First is the inverted yield curve model which was determined by Jonathan H. Wright which uses 10 year yield of Tr easury Securities as an input (LaBonte et al., 2010). Second, is the change in unemployment rate over a three month period (LaBonte et al., 2010). Third, lower prices of assets including real estate and financial assets as well as large personal and corporate debts (LaBonte et al., 2010). ii) The contraction in Ireland’s economy was of particular significance at a time when other Euro nations were showing positive growth rates. This fall in Ireland’s GDP is attributed firstly, according to Author of the Bulletin, Dr. Dan McLaughlin, Group Chief Economist, Bank of Ireland, to the drastic fall in capital spending. Although capital spending decreased by 11%, on average, throughout the rest of the developed world; in Ireland it fell by a drastic 30% along with a 34% decline in building and construction activity (McLaughlin, 2010). The share of construction in general, and house-building in particular now accounts for only 2.5% of Ireland’s GDP, compared to 12% in 20 05 (McLaughlin, 2010). Secondly, consumption expenditure also saw a decline throughout the Western regime by 1.1%, due to reduced employment and falling growth in wages (McLaughlin, 2010). In the case of Ireland, employment slashed by 8% along with decline in wages which partially contributes to the fall in real consumer purchase power of Ireland (McLaughlin, 2010). A significant trend emerged at this point; that of higher savings. Although real disposable income dipped in Ireland, it was accompanied by a rise in the marginal propensity to save, leading to a higher savings ratio (McLaughlin, 2010). At the same time, Ireland’s exports fell by much more than that of its Euro competitors, implying that Net Exports also declined. Thus, to sum up; since all the components of GDP including consumption, investment and government expenditure along with net exports fell, GDP was bound to decline. iii) A Keynesian style stimulus package is a policy measure used by policymakers and inst itutions that involves stimulating one or more of the components that make up aggregate demand in an attempt to increase employment, income and output of an economy (Tool & Samuels, 1989). This approach is consistent with the Keynesian theory that negative output gap can lead to a bottleneck in the economy; a situation it finds difficult to escape. The paradox of thrift comes into force whereby loss of valuable consumer and investor confidence combined with high propensity to save exacerbates the recession (Meltzer, 1988). If such is the situation,

Burdens on the States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Burdens on the States - Essay Example Anita Dancs, the Research Director of National Priorities. reported that more than $200 billion was used for security. The recent report on military attacks in Iraq brought a heightened alert for security and the need to activate the government’s security plans. The New York City, after the sad experience of 9/11 launched the â€Å"Operation Atlas† that is designed â€Å"to beef up safety and security throughout the metropolitan area during a time when there is an elevated risk of terrorist attack† (Heather Cross) The plan has been estimated by New York City Mayor Bloomberg to cost the city $5million per week to pay overtime services of police officers. Report said that as of May 10, 2003, New York City had spent $1 billion on antiterrorism activities, but has not received any support from the federal government. In spite of â€Å"no budget† from the federal government, New York City government pledged to continue its present anti-terrorist â€Å"Operation Atlas† plans in the city.(â€Å"Operation Atlas†) The present mission of the Homeland Security, by definition, is focused on terrorist’s incidents. By that, report of Anita Dancs stated that respondent training and equipment was given more emphasis on terrorism as against all-hazards. All hazards are events of catastrophe, such as bird flue pandemic, the likes of Katrina hurricane, and others of the same nature. Dancs pointed to arguments of the members of Congress on the indifference of preparedness of Homeland Security to address this kind of problem and the importance of all-hazards preparedness. Danc’s report stated the Homeland Security mission defined by the federal government as: Response to natural disasters and catastrophe does not fall within the homeland’s definition of preparedness. The preparedness for all hazard response comes only as support preparedness for terrorism related

Apush Midterm Review Essay Example for Free

Apush Midterm Review Essay A. All classes will have the Causes and Effects of the Mexican War, which has been discussed in class. B. All classes will have 2 choices for their second essay. 1. One possibility for Essay #2 is Causes and Effects of the French and Indian War. This essay should be structured in 4 paragraphs. The first paragraph includes background info leading up to the conflict and your thesis statement. Paragraphs 2 and 3 discuss the causes and effects and paragraph 4 is your conclusion- what happens next (Revolutionary War). It is a good idea to reiterate your thesis statement as well. 2. Another possibility is the Causes and Effects of the Revolutionary War. This essay should be structured in four paragraphs as well. The first paragraph should include background info (such as French and Indian War, end of Salutary Neglect) and your thesis statement. One paragraph should discuss causes and one effects. Your fourth paragraph is your conclusion what happens next. 3. Another possibility is the Strengths and Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. Paragraph one should discuss what happened briefly before the A of C and your thesis statement. Paragraph two, the strengths (3 that we discussed: brought the country together for the first time, negotiated the end of the Revolutionary War, and the Land Ordinances) and Paragraph 3 the weaknesses (among many- the lack of power to tax, only one branch etc.). Paragraph 4, your conclusion and what happens next (Constitutional Convention). 4. Another possibility is Causes and Effects of the War of 1812. First paragraph is background info and thesis statement. Paragraph 2 is the Causes (impressment, arming Native Americans in the Old Northwest etc.) and Paragraph 3, the Effects (huge surge of nationalism, National anthem written etc.). Paragraph 4 is your conclusion and what happens next. 5. Another possibility is to discuss the reforms that came out of the Second Great Awakening. This essay can be 4 or 5 paragraphs depending upon how you discuss the reforms. Your first paragraph will discuss background info and thesis statement. The next 2 or 3 paragraphs should discuss the 5 major reforms: abolition of slavery, educational reforms, mental health reform, temperance, and woman’s rights. These paragraphs should include reforms made and the people involved (for instance- Dorothea Dix with mental health). Also discuss whether the reforms actually were realized or just set up change for the future. Last paragraph should be your conclusion and what happens next. 6. The last possibility is to discuss the Marshall Court and the Taney Court. The first paragraph should have background information; such as John Jay was first Chief Justice, and your thesis statement. Paragraphs 2 and 3 should discuss the Marshall Court and the Taney Court: how they ruled (strong central government for Marshall, state’s rights for Taney etc.), examples of court cases (Marbury v. Madison, Dred Scott decision- give a minimum of 3 cases for Marshall and 2 for Taney). Paragraph 4 should be your conclusion and what happens next. Your essays need to give specific factual information and be well structured to get full credit. Stay on topic- show your knowledge of the time period right before the question at hand and what happens as a result of the events discussed. You will not be penalized for spelling errors since this is an in -class writing, but essays should make sense and flow.

Impact of Environment on Health Interventions

Impact of Environment on Health Interventions Assess and discuss the impact the following environmental and attitudinal determinants have on health in terms of planning, implementation, and the evaluation of health interventions: Environmental determinants: Demographic distribution of populations New Zealand’s demographics consists of the gender, ethnicity, religious and economic backgrounds of the people. Currently, New Zealand has a population of over 4.4million people. Over 76 percent of New Zealanders or Kiwis largely live in the urban areas of The North Island which consists of the five largest cities. New Zealand is also considered an ageing country with about 635,300 elderly people (65+ years old) On June 2013, according to Statistics New Zealand, these five largest cities namely, Auckland (Auckland Region) have an estimated population of 1,529,400, Christchurch (Canterbury Region) with 566, 100, Wellington (Wellington Region) with 492, 500, Hamilton (Waikato Region) with 418, 500 and Tauranga (Bay of Plenty Region) with over 278,000. Over one-third of these people live in Auckland alone. The Auckland region is also said to be fastest growing accounting to 46 percent of New Zealand’s population growth. 87 percent of Maoris live in North Island although ab out less than a quarter only live in Auckland. According to Statistics New Zealand, the life expectancy of infants born in 2008 was 78.4 years for males and 82.4 years for females. It is also said that the life expectancy at birth will have increased from 80 to 85 in the year 2050 and infant mortality rate will decline. On December 2013, it was registered that there were 58,717live births and 29,568 deaths in New Zealand. There were also2,461fewer births and531fewer deaths compared with 2012 and the total fertility rate was 2.0 births per woman. New Zealand has an ageing population. This is one of the obvious demographic changes and is evident by datum presented previously. The other two are the decline in fertility and the ageing of the baby boom generation. With these, there are numerous implications to be considered. Here are some of them: Growing number of rest homes and retirement village. Decline in physical and mental function of elderly. Chronic diseases which affect most elderly thus needing more long-term health care. Age-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease, DM, COPD etc therefore, increased demand for acute health care services. Social There are a lot of social implications that may affect the health of each individual. Even in the most prosperous countries, people who are less well-off are likely to be more susceptible to diseases and illness and may be more prone to stress as compared to those who are well-to-do ones. These facts are not just considered health differences in social injustice, but are also it has raised scientific awareness to some of the most vital determinants of health standards in modern societies. It is believed that people’s lifestyle and their living conditions strongly affect their health. There are numerous studies that show that the life expectancy and susceptibility to illness are high further down the social ladder. Several factors may be considered as to why such occurrence is rampant even on the most affluent countries. One of the most common and important factors is stress and may also influence some of the other major issues such as unemployment and social exclusion. Circumstances which make people more apprehensive and unable to cope maybe damaging to the health and may be fatal if not given much attention. Insecurities, low self-esteem and loss of control over work and home life may also be damaging to the health. Such circumstances accumulate in life which may not only affect a person’s physiological health but may affect a person’s mental health as well. Unemployment is considered to be one of the most important and common issues with regards to social matter influencing the health of a person. Like what was mentioned a while ago, stress plays a major role with regards to unemployment. The health effects of unemployment are linked to both its physiological consequences and the financial problem it brings, especially debt. Numerous people who are unemployment undergo prolonged stress due to the fact that they also have their own families to consider, not just themselves. Although there are medical responses to stress with use of drugs, attention should be focused on knowing what causes stress and how to control them. Government should recognise that the welfare programs should focus both on the psychosocial and material needs. They should support families with children and promote coping through rehabilitation and education. Cultural Culture in its broadest form refers to the acceptable norms, practices and behaviours within the identifiable groups in the society. The most obvious cultural groups are those based on ethnic identity, in New Zealand, that would be the Maori people, but other societal groups based on, for example, social class, religion, age (e.g. young people), occupation (e.g. nursing), location (e.g. urban) and leisure-time activity (e.g. sport) also have their own distinct culture. Individuals may be subject to a number of cultural influences simultaneously. For many groups, especially the ethnic groups, culture is central to their well-being and health. Our analysis and understanding of health must place culture as a vital determinant and methods to improve health in different groups must be aware of the influence of culture. In New Zealand’s case, it is important that we understand the culture, behaviour and beliefs of the people especially the Maoris. Maoris culture is known to be dynamic and like any other ethnic groups; they consider their culture as the central to their life. Their practices and beliefs play a great role in their everyday lives that is why health care practitioners should place utmost importance to their culture, remembering that providing care means being able to give them what they need and being able to respect their dignity as human being. This should be true to every country with diverse culture. Political Politics can be loosely defined as the governance of people. It is the idea of influencing them on an individual level. In terms of public health, it is important that the health professionals know how politics works in order for them to raise awareness about specific health issues for instance about tobacco or alcohol use. They should be able to use the political arena effectively for them to be successful with their agenda. Health care professionals may be able to use political arena to improve access to health care or to tackle health care inequalities amongst group of people. It is important that these health care professionals not only know basic knowledge about politics but importantly on how politics impact the people they are giving service to. It is better to have realistic expectations as to what politics can achieve; otherwise it will result to dreamy illusions. REFERENCES: Statistics New Zealand. New Zealand in Profile: 2014. Retrieved from http://www.stats.govt.nz Statistics New Zealand. Estimated subnational population (RC, AU), by age and sex, at 30 June 2006-13 (2013 boundaries). Retrieved from http://www.stats.govt.nz Wilkinson, R., Marmot, M.G. (2003). Social Determinants of Health: The Solid Facts. Copenhagen, Denmark. WHO Regional Office for Europe Mackenbach, J. P. (2014). Political determinants of health. The European Journal of Public Health, 24(1), 2-2. Ministry of Health. Rest Homes. Retrieved from http://www.health.govt.nz Cornwall J and Davey J. (2004). Impact of Population Ageing in New Zealand on the Demand for Health and Disability Support services, and Workforce Implications. A background paper completed for the Ministry of Health in June 2003 by the New Zealand Institute for Research on Ageing (NZiRA) and the Health Services Research Centre (HSRC), Victoria University of Wellington. Wellington: Ministry of Health.

French Revolution Essay -- essays research papers fc

Why was there a French Revolution? Between, 1789  ¡V 1799, many events occurred in France that caused an outbreak within the people thus leading to a revolution. This culminated in the France becoming a democratic government. This essay will argue that the resentment of absolute government, financial difficulties, the famine, rise of philosophes and the ongoing feud between the estates are all the major causes of why there was a revolution in France. Firstly before going into the topic, the word  ¡Ã‚ §revolution ¡Ã‚ ¨ must be defined.  ¡Ã‚ §A revolution is a relatively sudden and absolutely huge change. This may be a change in the social or political institutions over a relatively short period of time, or a major change in its culture or economy . ¡Ã‚ ¨ In eighteenth-century France, as we have seen, the philosophes came forward and gave their views, which were taken seriously by the public. The views of the philosophes contrasted from teaching maths to teaching about how the world was created. France was in desperate need for help with the country in deep financial trouble and much controversy over the monarchy yet the philosophes were anything but revolutionaries, as they never tried to force one . This is because they did not intend to create harm but to give the people French new ideas on topics. The enlightenment was an intellectual establishment . Diderot's Encyclopedia, banned in the 1750s, was reprinted in a less expensive format with government approval in the 1770s. Among the younger generation, the great cultural hero was Rousseau whose Confessions caused a sensation within the public and changed their minds to free thinking by writing books that were very appealing to the people. These books taught people of different ideas. From this, we can see the beliefs of the philosophes were a main factor in the cause of the French revolution. Eighteenth century France was an absolute monarchy , mainly because of the effort of Louis XIV. The French king had absolute control over all aspects of French political, social, and economic structures. The Estates General, which was a representative institution in that it was composed of representatives from each of the Three Estates, was the only voice the people of France had ever had. The king could do whatever he wanted without being asked as the punishments were severe if anyone complained. An example is the change of the r... ...sentment of absolute government, financial difficulties, the famine, rise of philosophes and the ongoing feud between the estates which all culminated in France having a revolution and becoming a democratic government. Bibliography „h http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/lecture12a.html; accessed on 19/4/05, 17/4/05, Title The French Revolution: The Moderate Stage, 1789-1792; author  ¡V Steven Kreis „h http://jon.plainculture.com/archives/the-french-revolution/; accessed on 12/4/05, Title - Causes and Effects of the French Revolution, author unknown „h http://www.people.memphis.edu/~kenichls/1302FrenchRevolution.html; accessed on 16/4/05; Title - The Causes of the French Revolution; author - unknown „h http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/lecture13a.html; accessed on 19/4/05, 17/4/05, Title The French Revolution: The Radical Stage, 1792-1794, author  ¡V Steven Kreis „h http://campus.northpark.edu/history/WebChron/WestEurope/FrenchRev.html accessed on 17/4/05, 18/4/05; Title  ¡V The French Revolution; Author - David W. Koeller „h Encyclopedia Americana volume 12; accessed on 15/4/05, Published in New York, Published in 1970; Title  ¡V French Revolution; Author - Unknown

Patriot Act Violates Civil Liberties Essay -- Political Science Politi

Since the terrorist suicide bombed the world trade center and a wing of the pentagon, there has been a change in the relationship between the United States government and the people. The executive branch has taken steps that undermine the principles in the United States constitution. In order to ensure a more democratic society, we have to tell the difference between effective governing and individual freedom. There is one main topic I'm going to talk about how the 1st amendment, 4th amendment, 5th amendment, and 6th amendment are being eroded by the USA PARTRIOT Act which introduced a overabundance of legislative changes which considerably increased the surveillance and investigative powers of law enforcement agencies in the United States. The First Amendment protects our rights of free speech and assembly, the independence of the press, and prohibits official establishment or unfair criticism of any particular religion. Free speech rights can be thought of as having two parts, the right to have free access to ideas, and the right to express ideas freely. The right to calm assembly goes with free speech given that demonstrations and other political activity are protected as expressive behavior. While government actions threaten all these rights stated by the First Amendment, it is our free speech and assembly rights which are most at risk. The USA PATRIOT Act contains provisions that will criminalize people's legitimate expressions of their political views. For example, the Act creates a new category of crime; domestic terrorism blurs the line between speech and criminal activity. Section 802 of the Act defines domestic terrorism as "acts dangerous to human life that are a violation of criminal laws" that "appear to be inten... ...tee against arbitrary and malicious persecution of individuals by the state; by weakening those protections, the government has opened the doors to new encroachments on the liberties that all residents of the United States rightfully enjoy. References 1. http://action.aclu.org/reformthepatriotact/ 2. http://64.233.187.104/search?q=cache:1jKHd-GzeoMJ:www.aclu.org/Files/getFile.cfm%3Fid%3D10897+civil+liberties+after+9/11&hl=en 3. http://www.counterpunch.org/lazarus0925.html author EDWARD LAZARUS 4. http://www.counterpunch.org/cassel10182004.html author ELAINE CASSEL 5. http://www.aclunc.org/911/chronology.html 6. http://www.garynull.com/Documents/ACLU/911_report.htm 7. http://www.epic.org/privacy/terrorism/usapatriot/ 8. http://www.slate.com/id/2087984/ 9. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA_PATRIOT_Act 10. http://www.epic.org/privacy/terrorism/hr3162.html

History of the Violin and Bow Essay

Stringed instruments such as the violin and its accompanying variations have been used in music for thousands of years. The first officially recorded use of the violin was during medieval European times. The earliest form of the violin was referred to as a Fiddle and the person playing it was termed as a Fiddler. During the 15th century though, the violins began taking on a new shape and began to carve its own history in music. The evolution of the violin continued into the 16th century when it developed what was to become its final look and shape. It is this artistic representation of a violin that we still recognize and use in our present time. An Italian from Cremona named Andrea Amati, is recognized as the founder of the most famous violin making school. The violin making school is not a structure per se but more of a school of thought and characterization. It was during this time that an explosion in violin making reached as far as Europe even as Cremona remained as the home of the best violin makers in the world. The most famous of these violin making families are the Amati, Guarneri, Antonio Stradivari, Rugerri, and Bergonzi. In the music world, the finest musicians openly acknowledge the Stradivari and Guarneri violins to be the best violins ever made over the past 150 years. The Violin is a member of the string instrument family and is capable of producing a 3 octave sound range when played by skilled musicians. The sound a violin creates depends on a number of factors, the most important of which are the type of wood used to produce the body of the instrument and the type of metal strings used.. It is usually 14 inches in length and uses metal strings tightened to various degrees on tuning pegs, to produce its exceptional sound quality. A typical violin is composed of the following parts: Chin rest, F-hole, strings, tuning pegs, scroll, tailpiece, fine tuners, bridge, belly, fingerboard, neck, and back plate. The sound is produced by the instrumentalists skimming a bow over the metal strings. Violins are usually constructed to withstand the 17 pounds of downward force that is regularly applied to the 4 metal strings. But just like any stringed instrument, the Violin in itself will fail to make sweet music for the listeners if not strummed with a bow. The bow is the instrument by which a Violinist makes his instrument sing. His expertise in the use of the bow produces the violins varying tones and pitches. How a bow is shaped and the different parts that form the bow all work together to form the best bow for violin playing. A bow is most often described as an arc shaped piece of wood that has a flat horsehair piece stretched and tensioned across the wood. The tips of the bow are pointed on one end and rounded on the other. Although the violin enjoyed various incarnations as it gained popularity and was played by chamber and orchestra musicians, the violin bow did not keep up with these changes. This led to a total redesign that resulted in what is known as the modern bow. The modern bow is believed to have first made its appearance in France during the 19th century at the hands of the Tourte family. The Tourte family is considered by the violin historians to be the bow maker equivalent of the Stradivari family in violin making. The modern bow has more tension and resistance and uses Pemarnbuco wood as wood stick. Sometimes, makers will add subtle modifications to the bow in the hopes of producing a more handy and usable bow. Admittedly, not much has changed in the 150 year history of the bow. The violin and bow can be thought of in terms of milk and cookies or coffee with cream. One always enhances the best aspects of the other in order to produce a very significant experience for the person whose auditory and sensory perceptions participate in the resulting enjoyable final product of the merging of the 2 instruments. Work Cited Psarianos, Peter. (2007). Violin Bow. How Products Are Made. Retrieved October 14, 2007 from http://www. madehow. com/Volume-2/Violin-Bow. html. Skinner, Matthew. (N. A. ). The Violin and It’s History. Retrieved, October 13, 2007 from http://www. nelson. planet. org. nz/~matthew/cbt. html Sprenger, Christoph & Sprenger, Raffael. (N. A. ). The History of the Violin. Retrieved October 13, 2007 from http://www. sprengerviolins. com/e/violin_history. htm.